Martin D. Dooley's main objective was to analyze the changes in welfare participation amongst Canadian single mothers, between the years 1973 and 1991. Single mothers were chosen because they were the group that relied on welfare with respect to "participation, spell length and proportion of income derived from SA" (p. 590). Another reason for choosing single mothered families was because these contained a growing faction of poor Canadian children. Dooley's first objective was to determine the change in welfare participation from 1973 to 1991, which he measured by the proportion of single mothers who reported welfare income in a given year. In this measurement it was discovered that single mothers under the age of 35 show an " increasing reliance on SA accompanied by stagnant wages and declining market work.  (p. 590) While for single mothers over the age of 35 the opposite is true. His second objective was to observe the changes in welfare use through a simple probit model of welfare participation. The data used in this study is from economic family files of the survey of consumer finances (the SCF) for income years 1971, 1973, 1975, 1979, 1982, 1989, 1990, and 1991. The Survey of Consumer Finances "reports the amount of income from social assistance and provincial income supplement. (p.593). The seven years of data was divided into three periods. The first period involved the family files for 1973 and 1975, the second period also the midpoint, involved the data for 1979 and 1982 and the third and final period involved data for 1989, 1990 and 1991. In each of the period, there is a period that has a "relatively strong labor market conditions and one year with a relatively weak labor market condition. (p.593-594). In each of those years, a female head under age 60, with children under the age of 18 were selected. Also, lone mothers who were self employed were exempted from this data. The study shows that the proportion of al