The best record of non-photographic portraits would of course be statues in the pre-Roman era. Some of the earliest portraits date back to B.C. The most popular of these type of portraits were those done in Egypt. It was common to do a funeral portrait or a “mummy portrait." While in this time it was difficult to capture a person’s essence and personality in stone these types of portraits were used often to remember the deceased. Many other portraits were done during the medieval period in Europe. However, the church ruled in Europe during this time period. It was looked down upon to have a portrait done unless you were a noble figure or trying to reenact a consecrated figure of the church. Why you ask? Well it would give the subject of the portrait a likeness to God. Portraiture became extremely dominate in the Renaissance Era. During this period the use of perspective and light helped to create a more photorealistic portrait. Shadow was used to create depth and form in paintings. This got rid of the common “flat look” which pictures seemed to possess before this era. Artists such as Leonardo De Vinci and Rembrandt affected the way which portraits were created. Leonardo added color and layered his oil paints when doing portraits to give them a softer glow. Rembrandt added four different aspects, in his paintings, and to the way modern photographic portraiture is used today. The first is known as “Rembrandt lighting." With this type of lighting there is a small highlight on the shadow side of the face. By positioning the shadow differently it adds much more texture to the image than if the person’s face were entirely in the light. The second aspect would be choosing to face the subject slightly away from the light source, this is also known as “broad lighting." The third would be the ability to take into account the surroundings of the subject or the background. By giving the background lighting affects this added depth to his portraits. Lastly Rembrandt used a white cloth and draped it above the top of the window. This made sure that the light from the window would refract back downwards and surround his subject. The use of technology also became a part of portrait painting during the late Renaissance. Optic projections had become common knowledge by then. However, there is evidence to suggest that camera obscura and the use of mirrors was also common when painting portraits. The use of these techniques and tools while essential to painting, also became essential in photography as well. In the year 1839, portraiture changed from using subjects in paintings to capturing those subjects in photography. In that year both William Talbot and Louis Daguerre introduce the Daguerreotype and the Calotype. After both of these techniques had been introduced painter Paul Roche declared the art of painting to be dead. While incorrect, both the Calotype & Daguerreotype did alter the art scene, especially when it came to portraiture. Photography lessened the time it took to make a portrait. While painting a portrait took hours of sitting completely still, with photography it took much less time to take and develop the portrait. As more time passed the faster and easier portraiture, in photography, could be done. Soon new materials reduced exposer time from fourty-five minutes to a few seconds, leaving more time to spend editing photographs. When the wet collodion process was introduced it became more assessable and affordable for the individual to do his or her own portraits. It was no longer a rich mans art. One of the most famous portraitists, who came about during this time, was Julia Margaret Cameron. She set the standard to not only capture your subject but to also capture the emotions the subject evokes. As the wet collodion process became more and more popular the number of people involved in portraiture also increased. Four more processes were added to development of pictures: the ambrotype, tintype, carte-de-viste and cabinet cards. The last two were types of card photographs. The less costly tintype became more popular than the ambrotype. It was easy to access and much less expensive. The tintypes started becoming increasingly in demand during Civil War and continued to be used up until the twentieth-century. Tintype studios became such a request that the photographs were sold at