Michael Faraday was a famous nineteenth century, English physicist and chemist who is best known for his contributions to electricity and magnetism. His various discoveries have earned him multiple awards, honorary degrees and even a unit of measure named after him. Perhaps his most well known work is his invention of the Faraday cage which is a metal enclosure that prevents the escape or entrance of electromagnetic and static electric fields. He is responsible for the discovery of electromagnetic induction, the process behind electric generators and transformers. Michael Faraday's work remains relevant even centuries after his death and his research still enables scientists to make new breakthroughs. Michael Faraday was born in Newington Butts, England in 1791 to James and Margaret Faraday, becoming the youngest of five children who were not very well off. As a child, Michael Faraday was removed from the public school system due to poor schooling and his speech impediment which led to the school master beating him until he could not move. After his removal from public school, he had no formal schooling and mostly educated himself. At the age of thirteen Michael Faraday began a seven year apprenticeship for a local bookbinder. This allowed him to read many books and develop a deep appreciation for knowledge, science and electricity. Faraday's work as a scientist had begun by attending lectures by Sir Humphry Davy, another English chemist and inventor. Faraday took meticulous notes at all the lectures that he was able to attend, eventually forming them into a book which he sent to Davy. After an accident, Davy had damaged his eyesight and employed Faraday as his secretary who later became his chemical assistant at the Royal Institution. Faraday traveled across Europe alongside with Davy and was mistreated as well as forced to serve as his valet. Despite his misfortune of being in a lower economic class, the tour of Europe allowed Faraday to gain experience and meet some of the most brilliant minds of nineteenth century Europe. Michael Faraday's work as a scientist began as a chemical assistant to Sir Humphrey Davy. Even as an assistant Michael Faraday was able to make notable discoveries in chemistry which included finding two new compounds of chlorine and carbon one of which is known as benzene. He conducted experiments alongside Davy and succeeded in liquefying multiple gasses at the laboratory as well as producing several different types of optical glasses. One of the new types of glass became scientifically important because despite not being able to live up to its optical intention, it did become the first known substance to be repelled by the poles of a magnet. Michael Faraday also used this type of glass to determine the rotation of the plane of polarized light. Faraday began performing hundreds of experiments and made many large discoveries including the magnetic field, electromagnetic induction and the basis for today's batteries. The first discovery that Michael Faraday as Sir Humphry Davy's laboratory assistant made was his isolation and identification of benzene. However not significantly related to the work he's most known for, it is still an important influence. During Michael Faraday's time spent performing experiments and researching as the assistant of Sir Humphry Davy, he discovered that a magnet suspended in the air would rotate around a wire with current passing through it. This gave Faraday the impression that magnetism was a circu