During the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, on the victory stand, Tommy Smith and John Carlos, two black athletes, raised their fist firmly tight and black-gloved: it is the "Black Power  salute, a silent act of protest, but no less significant to raise awareness about the situation of blacks in the United States. Nowadays, it seems nearly quaint to use the term Black Power. But in the mid-to late 1960's, the movement of Black Power, mainly by Black youth, exacerbated deep fissures in the american political society. At this time, the uprisings that inflame the ghettos of major American cities, after a decade of struggle for civil rights, occurring in a context of revolt around the world, and radicalization of important sectors of American society against the war Vietnam. This global context is reflected in fundamental qualitative changes in the black movement, exemplified by the slogan that is required when: Black Power. It was in 1966 that Stokely Carmichael, chairman of the SNCC (Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee), diffuse the political slogan of Black Power. Indeed, it is no longer possible to expect that enforcement of laws, or simply promoting some blacks in white American society. So by this challenging and provocative slogan, all black community is encouraged to fight for his own rights and promotion. By the way, it is important to note that this movement covers a wide, complex reality, sometimes ambiguous and carries many issues. So in this essay, I choose to pose as question: how Black Power did turn from protest to politics? The definition of "black power," is the subject of debate among historians. It can be explained by the fact that even among its proponents, the slogan was surrounded by confusions and disagreements. The questions they posed shaped different branches in the movement: should they integrate the system? Should they try to create a new, next, separate? Or, should they fight for the revolution ? Furthermore, it was more easier for black militants to explain misconceptions than express succinct definition. In fact, an essential feature of Black Power was its sense of experimentation, creativity and adaptation. Actually, competing versions of the slogan were not often strictly delimited, nor mutually exclusive. Therefore, programmatical and ideological elements of Black Power often existed in parallel within individuals and organizations. Generally, Black Power partisans can be divided into nationalists and pluralists. One one hand, nationalists consider that one group will always come to oppress and dominate the others and that some form of separatism (for example, urban enclaves or a separate nation-state) was necessary to avoid assimilation. On the other hand, pluralists consider the black struggle as a translation of interest-group politics. Therefore, as equal respect and opportunities were given to all groups, peaceful coexistence was possible. In this case, the black community would be cohesive and could enjoy a representative decision-making power. This split within the Black Power also manifests