Introduction Tissue Engineering and Regenerative medicine is a newly developed field in the pass three decade. In this field, multidisciplinary researchers such as biologists, physicians, and engineers are working together to find biological substitutes which are structural and functional similar to tissue. The biological substitutes can be used for diagnostic and research purpose, and are able to regenerate the diseased and injured tissue (François et al., 2011). Tissue engineering is defined as obtain functional tissue from the combination of scaffold, cells, and biologically active molecules (National institutes of health). The regenerative medicine can include tissue engineering, but it is more broadly defined as self-healing. Cells, tissue, or organ from its own body associated with foreign materials can be used to reconstruct cells and tissues which can be implanted back into the body to replace the injured or diseases tissues or organs. There are around 20 million people per year get incident injured or diseases in United States. The highest prevalence of diseases in United States are cardiovascular disease and diabetes (Table 1) (François et al., 2011). With the use of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, millions of people from all over the world would benefit from it. For diabetes, the free or encapsulated islet transplant can be used to replace the diseased pancreases (Table 2) (François et al., 2011). For heart diseases, the stem cells can be used to induce differentiation to cardiomyocytes (Table 2) (François et al., 2011). Nowadays, the tissue engineering can also be used for chronic wound and burns, joint degradation and injury, cornea replacement, bones repairmen, and other medical treatments (Eucomed Medical Technology Industry Association, 2007). However, there are risks and challenges associated with tissue engineering and regenerative medicine such as how to control the time scale and stage of stem cell differentiation for implantation, how the immune system response to the implantation, how to safely sourcing cells and tissue, etc. The current NIH-funded research topics on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are controlling stem cells through their niche environment, implanting human liver in mice, engineering mature bone stem cell, using lattices to help engineered tissue survive, new hope for the bum knee, and regenerating a new kidney(National institutes of health). One of the future research direction for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is to force on tissue engineered organs in a 3-dimensional structure using stem cells with scaffold or stem cells alone and apply research for clinical and commercial trials. Negative Political Impact In the recent rapidly development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, millions of people benefits from this technology. In order to control the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, government impose law and regulations to protect people from the quickly evolved technology. Before 1990s', the FDA regulations saw certain human tissue products as medical devices, such as vascular engraftment, and heart valves. They are regulated under Federal Food, drug, and Cosmetic Act instead of meeting the safe