After the unification of the Kingdom of Italy with the Papal States in 1870, a constitutional monarchy was established, and became known as "Liberal Italy." Liberal Italy was run by a limited political system, known as the "transformismo," which was finally challenged by the rapid growth of the Socialist party, whose growth was influenced by the effects of World War One. As the Socialists grew, the environment in Italy became increasingly chaotic: politicians including liberals, Catholics, and Mussolini himself feared a Socialist takeover. As the Socialist PSI grew in size, the frequency of protests and strikes increased. By 1920, Mussolini's fear of the PSI peaked, and he started using his political skill to deal with the threat. By using violence, in the form of 'squadrismos', or gangs, Mussolini managed to hold back the Socialist expansion. Mussolini made political coalitions in 1921 to promote his fascist party- the PNF- and gain political influence, and finally, after a chain of political maneuvering, King Victor Emmanuel approached Mussolini to appoint him as prime minister. The process of the Italian unification was never driven by the people, instead it was the result of the efforts of various individuals. As a consequence, a tremendous social problem arose, leading division between the North and the South. As the North, Piedmont specifically, led the process and was the main economic power, their values and laws were imposed on the rest of the country, creating further resentment from the Southerners. In fact, the atmosphere in Italy was so chaotic that more people died in the violent riots and demonstrations against the new Kingdom than in the whole "Risorgimento" process. Aside from the social weaknesses of Liberal Italy, economic problems emerged as well. There was very little modernization, as Italy lagged behind in industrialization, leaving 68% of the land rural. In addition, the whole of Italy, especially the South lacked natural resources, creating food shortages, slowing down industrial growth, and increasing unemployment. The poor economic state was so poor in Italy; it led over 5 million Italians to migrate to North America, in order to pursue a better life. The political weakness of Liberal Italy was the main factor that led to these poor living standards. The transformismo system was highly unrepresentative of the people, as initially, only 2% of the population had suffrage, and there were no political parties. The parliament, or as they called it the Chamber of Deputies, involved a group of middle and upper class individuals, who attempted to gain each others support, by appeasing to each others political ideologies. Once enough support was gained, and the politicians 'absorbed' enough other politicians, a prime minister would be appointed. The system was not only unrepresentative, but also corrupt and unstable. In fact, between 1870 and 1922, 29 different prime ministers were appointed. Their policies were unstable as well, as they would change them in order to appease to the rest of the politicians. As time evolved from 1870 into the 20th century, the system started evolving in order to be more efficient. The system had to adapt, as an economic expansion, driven by industrial growth, led to greater cities. A working class emerged, demanding political representation. After suffrage was extended, Socialism became increasingly more popular. In 1891, Filippo Turati formed the PSI in Milan, a city that acted as a bulwark of Italian industrialization. By 1900, the Socialists had 2 million votes, and 32 seats in the chamber of deputies. Ironically, Mussolini was himself a Socialist in this period, working as the editor of 'Avanti!', the socialist newspaper. As Italy was approached by World War One, Italy joined the triple alliance, however, they soon realized that it was in their interest to fight alongside the