Urbanization has influenced and affected Arab society greatly over the last century, both in the Middle East and other Arabic-speaking countries. Sociolinguistics over the last decades have tried to explain and pinpoint the variation in dialects on one rationale. However, the clarification needs to be looked at a more general and universal outlook and from there, indicate specific characteristics. A starting point to this process is to look at the present linguistic literature and its variety across a country or region. I will focus on the effect that migration and population changes have on the development of urban dialects over time. I have referenced to sociolinguistic and dialectal references because they are corresponding. This concludes to my thesis: the history and progression of urban dialects are revealed in many contemporary linguistic variations associated with religion, ethnicity, regional affiliation, age, gender, and social class. The dialectal variety raises the question to which "urban linguistic prototype  is the most "worthy" to make the national standard. History and present times indicate that there is no single urban standard vernacular or dialectal norm. For example, Arabic urban dialects that were spoken by specific classes came to diminished with the emergence of new urban influences with rural or Bedouin backgrounds. On the other hand, the urban dialect extended and grew to rural areas which then became the national standard or norm. Within the scholarly sociolinguistic study of this topic, few use the whole comprehensive perspective that is needed to recognize the nature and essentials of the urban context. What I find interesting, however, is that there are fewer studies about the development of dialects in urban environments in cities that have been recognized metropolitan for centuries, like Bilad al Sham (Palestine, Syria, Lebanon) or Egypt, than those that urbanized later. One stereotype is that the urbanized dialect is the national standard dialect because it is thought to be "prestigious" (Owens 2001). From the historical period, Arabization started in metropolitan cities and expanded outward from there. Now, the dialect of main cities are deemed the national norm. During the first Arab conquest during the 7th and 8th centuries, the military centers were based at the capitals. These were the birthplaces for the Arabization process and the formation and distribution of the modern dialects (Walters 1991). This is characterized by koineization, which means "common language" in Greek. In linguistics, a koine language is a standard language or dialect that has arisen as a result of contact between two mutually intelligible varieties (dialects) of the same language (Koine). Dialects associated with koineization are considered abridged and innovative as opposed to those of the Bedouins, which are more conservative and preserves the classical Arabic style (Cohen 1991). However, even with this said, the Bedouin migrants are also a key aspect of Arabization in rural areas. The Ottoman Empire fell in 1915, after the Young Turk government organized an exile of the Armenians to the southern Anatolia after they allied with Russians and revolted with arms against the Ottoman Empire. From there, the formed Ottoman-controlled area of Europe, Asia, and North Africa was divided under Britain and France and deemed "The Middle East." Since this, the dialects of the capitals and main cities became a form of nationalism against England and France. With this, they also became the national standard domestically. Further in this process, they compete with the fus-ha, or Modern Standard Arabic. Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) is the standard and literary variety of Arabic used in writing and in formal speech. It is based on the classical, or Quranic, Arabic, and is literarily used across the Middle East and North Africa. In discussion of the MSA vs. dialects, the sociolinguistic situation of Arabic in modern times is a prime example of diglossia, the use of two distinct variables of the same language in different social contexts. Diglossia enables code switching, when the speaker switches back and forth between two varieties of the same language, sometimes even in the same sentence. Arabic speakers use this method in instances where "educated  people of different nationalities talk to each other but find their dialects unintelligible. For example, when a Moroccan is speaking with a Kuwaiti, they are able to code switch into MSA. I emphasize "educated" because in most school systems is where they teach MSA versus the standard dialect. TV hosts who speak in MSA are ordered to give up their ethnic origins by changing their pronunciation of certain phonemes. For example, the Egyptian dialect does not have the j- sound. Take the word "joke : for me, since I am Lebanese, we say it as you see it because out dialect allows us, but Egyptians pronounce it "goke," “like the beginning of "g