The African American color barrier in baseball has been an issue since 1867. In 1871 Moses Fleetwood Walker would be the first African American to play in the major leagues, but because of resistance by his white teammate a rule was passed prohibiting the signing of any other African american athlete into the major leagues. The complete segregation was complete after a white team refused to play the New York Cuban Giants, who were mostly African American, in 1887. By 1890 both the National League and the American Association League were all white and stayed this way until Jackie Robinson broke the color line in 1946. The only other attempt to break the color line was by Bill Veeck, in 1942. Veeck tried to buy the Philadelphia Phillies and use Negro league stars to fill his roster, unfortunately Kenesaw Landis, who was the baseball commissioner, was racist and stopped this attempt from going through. In 1947, Branch Rickey, the General Manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, decided to break the color line. He needed the right player to do it, one that could play and stand up for himself and have the character that could withstand the pending pressures of integration and racism. Rickey did extensive recruiting for this position and felt he had no other choice but to choose Jackie Robinson. Rickey, also had the privilege of having Happy Chandler as the new baseball commissioner, who was more supportive than Landis of the integration of baseball. Jules Tygiel's, Baseball's Great Experiment: Jackie Robinson and his Legacy, showed that Jim Crow Laws, Minor Leagues, and team hostility is why it took Major League Baseball so long to integrate. When integration took its first leap in 1946, with Jackie Robinson there were many obstacles put into place by the Jim Crow Laws, even when these laws were restricted by the Supreme Court, the impact was astonishing on the African American baseball players. It is supposed that the life of a American American in the early years of integration into the Major Leagues was difficult. The great experiment called for Robinson to undergo prejudices, abuse, and solitude to seek his personal goals and to complete Rickey's experiment successfully while favoring all minorities. It was crucial for Robinson to withstand all harassment in order to make it easier for anyone following his footsteps. Robinson's induction into the Major Leagues was a breakthrough in society's cooperation of the black athlete. It was a big deal for the desegregation of baseball, seeing how African Americans were seen as substandard, so Robinson was on the front-page in national papers. Robinson was a great player but he was turned away at hotels and restaurants, as well as many other African American players. When black players were not accepted into the restaurant, theatre, or hotel their teammates did nothing and left them on the bus to wait, the team didn't care about the African Americans experiencing racial troubles. The baseball leagues