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The Inner Secrets of the Brain

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What was assumed to be a refrigerator to cool off the fiery heart by Greek philosopher Aristotle to animal spirits that controlled our thoughts and actions by anatomists in the nineteenth century, the science around the brain has evolved throughout the years. Written by, Carl Zimmer for National Geographic the article, "Science of the Brain," discusses the project examining the intimate details of the brain led by neuroscientists. Picking up where Spanish scientist Santiago Ramon y Cajal ˜s test on the brain where it was discovered that each neuron in the brain are a distinct cell, separate from every other neuron, neuroscientist Jeff Lichtman is leading a project where he and his fellow colleagues are creating extremely detailed image maps of the brain. The project focuses on creating detailed three-dimensional images of neurons from the bump and stalk of each neuron. By mapping out the neurons, each neuron having an average of 10,000 synapses, neuroscientists are hoping that the map will answer questions about the basic nature of the brain from how neurons make connections with other neurons, any preference to the neurons. The images are not exactly of the human brain, instead it is of a mouse brain. The neuroscientists are using preserved mouse brain that is sliced carefully into layers of tissues, whose cross section is taken a picture of that is stacked by a computer to slowly create a three dimensional image of the brain. The problem with this project is the amount of time that is taken up with to create a small image, which scientists describe as "the size of the grain of salt . After the image is created, the neuroscientist then sit down and start to analyze every detail of the brain, looking for the rules and workings of the mouse brain. For instance, postdoctoral researcher Narayan Kasthuri examined a region that surrounded a short segment of a single axon, looking for the neurons that passed through it. Kasthuri and

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