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Terrorism and Technology

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Terrorism is designed to achieve political change for the purposes of obtaining power in order to right a perceived wrong. Terrorist groups exhibit is the weakest form of irregular warfare while attempting to induce political change. They rarely possess the broad support needed to implement their radial ideas and must rely on drastic measures as catalysts for change. Terrorism is defined as ˜the use of violence by sub-state groups to inspire fear, by attacking civilians and/or symbolic targets, for purposes such as drawing widespread attention to a grievance, provoking a severe response, or wearing down their opponents moral resolve, to effect political change' (Baylis, Smith, Owens, 2011). This essay will examine how the relationship between terrorism and technology is intrinsically tied together and the various affects of globalization shapes our capabilities, how we interact with others and achieve security. With the expansion of air travel and the availability of broadcasted televised news coverage in the late 1960's, terrorists first began to take advantage of technological advances giving them a global audience to spread fear. Transnational terrorism was built on relationships between extremist groups based around weapons, money, common political agendas and ideological interests. Incidents of hijacking spiked from 5 to 94 between 1966 and 1969 proving terrorism influenced by technological means was on the rise (Baylis, Smith, Owens, 2011). Air travel and enhanced communication technology facilitated the coordination of The Lod Massacre. In 1972, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine recruited three members of the Japanese Red Army to carry out an attack on the Lod Airport in Tel Aviv. The terrorists claimed their baggage and continued to fire submachine guns and grenades in all directions. The massacre claimed 24 lives and wounded over 70 causing international shock and horror (Israel State Archives, 2013). The technological advances associated with globalization have improved the capabilities of terrorist groups to plan and conduct operations with far more devastation and coordination than their predecessors could have imagined. Technologies allow for the transfer of goods, services and information that can be delivered securely in an instant. The World Wide Web enables extremist groups in many ways. The easy access to Internet allows for groups or individuals to disseminate propaganda and spread disinformation. It serves as a vessel by which extremists can recruit and train volunteers, solicit funds from supporters and collect data from open sources (Wright, 2008). Communication technologies combined with the interconnectedness of the Internet provide the tools needed to construct, communicate and coordinate terrorist driven attacks. One form of empowerment is the virtual presence that individuals have. Although prominent jihadi terrorists physical presence can be removed though imprisonment or death their virtual presence and influence is immortalized on the World Wide Web. Brought on by globalization, the volume, range, and sophistication of propaganda materials also empower terrorism. Terrorist groups and supporters who were once limited to typed manifestos are now building

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