1. Although the primary purpose of corrections is to carry out the criminal sentence (Clear, Cole, and Reising 8), the system is actually responsible for managing persons from the time they are accused of a criminal offense until they are tried and afterwards, if they are convicted and sentenced. A sentence can be community service, drug treatment, probation, jail, or prison; or a combination of two or more of these. Therefore, the corrections system is made up of several public and private agencies and departments to manage the myriad programs, services, and institutions required to carry out the different sentences possible. It is evident that corrections is a huge system that necessarily encompasses several public and private agencies to fulfill its responsibilities of carrying out sentences. 2. Throughout the history of North America attempts at social control have gone back and forth from methods of punishment to treatment and rehabilitation. The changes were initiated by tradition, religious beliefs, social change, new research, or because the then current method wasn’t working. Prior to the 1970s, the rate of prison population was mostly stable at approximately 90 to 120 inmates per 100,000 citizens (Clear, Cole, and Reising 4). In the 1970s a team of correctional researchers concluded that model of rehabilitation being utilized was not having any positive effect on recidivism. In 1974, Richard Martinson, a member of that research team, became known for saying “nothing works” with respect to correctional treatment (Fry 2010). The treatment paradigm shifted to a get-tough model; more and longer prison sentences for offenders. Subsequently, the U.S. experienced tremendous, uninterrupted growth in prison populations for over 30 years. Crime rates appeared to have little to do with the increases. Crime policies such as “three strikes laws, mandatory minimum, longer sentences, and zero tolerance” caused much of the growth but offender who violated their probation or parole contributed heavily, also (Fry 2010). When the prison population rate reached over 500/100,000 and the costs had grown by over 600 percent (Clear, Cole, and Reising 5) policy makers began to consider newer research that found that rehabilitation and treatment do work using evidence based practices effectively. The Council of State Governors developed a new strategy called “Justice Reinvestment” which is designed to cut costs, reduce recidivism rates, and increase public safety. Importantly, it includes measures for account