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Introduction to Sikhism

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Many scholars believe that Sikhism is a mixture of beliefs and culture of Hinduism and Islam. However, to Sikhs it is an independent religion not simply based on the synthesis of two older religions. Sikhism was founded in the Punjab region of India around the sixteenth century. The Sikhs first appointed leader, Guru Nanak, was born of Hindu parents in Talwandi in 1469. When he was thirty years old the guru disappeared for three days while on his trip with his fellow appears. Guru Nanak reappeared and claimed that he was taken to the court of God drank the cup of adoration and God became with him. From this point on accounts described him as a guru. Guru Nanak strongly preached that man is neither high nor low by his caste and his individuality depends upon truthful deeds.1 Born in the Kastriya caste Guru Nanak became frustrated by the constraining formal elements of both Hinduism and Islam and wanted to pursue an alternative path. The main scripture of Sikhism the Guru Granth Sahib is based on the beliefs and hymns of Guru Nanak. The scriptures and fundamental beliefs of Sikhism were formed during the period of the gurus from 1500 to 1708. During this period the scriptures the Sikhs faced persecution by the Mughal rulers in the seventeenth and eighteenth century. Later in the mid nineteenth century under British rule Punjab was divided between India and Pakistan. Sikhs became increasing social activists in the early twentieth century joining Gandhi's movement of non-violence and passive resistance. Despite persecution and separation Sikhism has stood strong as a religion and today Sikhism is the fifth largest religion in the world having more than twenty million followers. Beliefs Sikhism is based on the beliefs of Guru Nanak in one God known as Sat Nam. Guru Nanak believes that God can be found in the universe or within yourself as God. God's attributes are not physical he is timeless, formless, beyond birth and death.2 A unique element of Sikhism is that they do not believe in a creation story because according to the Guru Granth Sahib, Sat Nam willed creation into existence. Nanak's concept of God leaves little place for free will because there

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