Introduction The Kuomintang was founded by Dr. Sun Yat Sen in 1911 shortly after Xinhai revolution. From the beginning till his death, he had led the party. After his death in 1925, Chiang ki Shek managed to get the presidency of the party. This eassy aims to discuss the nature of Kuomintang during Sun Yat Sen period and after that Chiang Ki Shek period. In carrying out this work, I have attempted to throw light on the major important policy decisions taken by Sun Yat Sen and Chiang ki Shek respectively in the capacity of Kuomintang leader. Description – On 1st January, 1912, the Republic was formally inaugurated by the Nanking Council at Nanking. In the middle of January, 1912, Sun Yat Sen offered Yuan-Shi Kai presidency of the republic, provided that Yuan became a republican. Now this very decision of Sun Yat Sen is highly disputed in a certain section of critics. According to them, Sun Yat Sen should have held to the position and power of the president and carry out the revolutionary programme actually in detail. But there was a deeper cause of Sun’s resignation which is explained in his own writing. “The majority of my party comrades after a period of revolutionary destruction, would not abide by the revolutionary oath and would not submit to the guidance of their leader who could unite all the revolutionaries of China. Even if I had continued to be president, it would still have been impossible to realize the aims of the revolution (the aims were constructive as well as destructive). The result would have been only that new officials would replace the old. This would not have brought to China anything new in the sense of reform in the government or the strengthening of her economy and, since matters stood thus, there was scarcely any need for me to retain the post of the president.” Sun was convinced that his sticking to the presidency would hamper the cause of the revolution. “It turned out that my programme has less chance of being realized when I held the post of the president than when I was the leader of the party which had been preparing the revolution. So he devoted himself in the important task of party organization and resigned the position where he would be always troubled by his associates and partymen seeking patronage. He knew, as he himself says that when the party was reshuffled and reorganized, the task of the revolutionary construction would be imposed upon the president.whosoever might have held that post. In fact, if such a party could be organized (it could not be for he was not supported by his comrades), Yuan would have been overwhelmed by the revolutionary forces and the attainment of the true object of the revolution would not have been delayed. In early 1920s, Sun Yat Sen introduced a thorough change in the ideology and constitution and methods of action of his Kuomintang. Socialism was now precisely defined as one of the essential aim of the party. Nationalism was now shorn of all racial traces and the economic and political aim of anti-imperialism and sovereign equality became far more prominent. In the matter of foreign relations, a pro-Russian policy was adopted. In organization and methodology, democratization of the party with a rigid discipline was being pursued. Some critics hold that he was reluctant socialist who was persuaded to adopt it by Soviet Russia. But the theories not only of democracy but also of socialism attracted Sun Yat Sen in the early days of his political career. His close study of Marxism convinced him of the necessity of “a permanent solution of China’s political and social problems by combining social revolution with political revolution”. These