The American police force was a model in the Metropolitan Police of London. During the nineteenth century American policing was dominated by local politicians (Dempsey & Forst, 7). Politics dominated the police department which made jobs for the police forces difficult to keep due to the political party would gain control of the city's government and then hire all new police officers (Dempsey & Forst, 14). New York City and New York State was controlled at one time between two enemies Republicans and Democrats (Dempsey & Forst, 12). There was little to no training during this period of time and corruption played an important role with police forces (Police History). Police work was inefficient due to police were on foot and had no use of communication systems (Police History). Police helped out with volunteer work by feeding the hungry and helping the homeless. Police forces dealt with minor crimes in the community. Dempsey and Forst say "The primary job of police in the nineteenth century was to serve as the enforcement arm of the political party in power, protect private property, and control the rapidly arriving foreign immigrants (Dempsey & Forst, 14).  The most important characteristics in the police department during the nineteenth century were corruption, brutality and racial discrimination (Dempsey & Forst, 14). According to Dempsey and Forst, "police duties involved cleaning the streets, inspecting boilers; brute force and brutality to avoid being beaten up and threatened by locals and the citizen despised the police officers and viewed them as litical hacks. The police dealt with abuse by streets gangs and suspects were physically subdued before an arrest in most cases  (Dempsey& Forst, 15). There were some practical and technological advancement that started to emerge and slave patrols begun to start in the South. By the end of the nineteenth century blacks were being hired into police departments. (Dempsey & Forst, 7-