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Research Paper - Malaria

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Malaria is one of the most widespread and deadliest diseases. The history of malaria dates back to the 1800’s and it’s relevance is still prominent today. For hundreds of years the prevention and treatment of malaria has been targeted in science and medicine. Malaria is caused by plasmodium parasites and is transmitted to humans through bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. About 300-600 million people are infected by malaria every year. The majority of cases are in poor tropical and subtropical countries in Africa. Malaria has been a top killing disease for centuries. This disease is curable and even preventable, however, most countries where the disease is common do not have the physical or financial means to the proper drugs and treatment. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, The malaria parasite life cycle has two hosts, the mosquito and the human. When an infected Anopheles mosquito bites a human they inject parasites in the form sporozoites into the human’s bloodstream. The sporozoites migrate to the liver. Over the period of 5 to 16 days the sporozoites begin to grow and divide, producing merozoites in each liver cell. Some of the malaria parasites will remain in a dormant state in the liver; this will cause relapses by invading the bloodstreams weeks, months, or years later. Once the merozoites have matured they leave the liver and re-enter the blood stream. This starts a cycle of invasion of red blood cells where newly formed merozoites are repeatedly released for 1 to 3 days. The multiplication leads to tens of thousands of parasite-infected cells in the bloodstream, causing serious illness and complications. If the disease is not properly treated the cycle will persist for weeks or months. There are four kinds of malaria parasites known to infect humans, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium ovale. P. falciparum is the most dangerous form of malaria, w

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