The concept of biology arose in the 19th century, yet the study of biological sciences can be found back as far as ancient Egypt and even in the works of Aristotle and Galen in ancient Rome. Some of the most predominate ones can be found closer to the 21st century. Looking at scientist such as Antonie Van Leeunwehoek (1632-1723), Charles Darwin (1809-1882), Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), and Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) made discoveries that changed how the biological field functioned and thought about the processes of life. Granted there are many other contributions that have been made to sway the outcome of theories, these are some of the most profound. First let's look at the word biology. According to the dictionary the definition of biology is: 1. The science of life or living matter in all its forms and phenomena, especially wither reference to origin, growth, reproduction, structure, and behavior. 2. The living organisms of a region The word itself came onto the scene in the early 1800's. Bio- is Greek for ˜life' and “logy also Greek is a study of. Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (1776-1837) a German naturalist introduced the word biology in Biologie oder Philosophie de Lebended Natur (1802-1822). The first person to make a contribution to biology dates back to the 5th “ 4th century BC with Alcmaeon of Crotona. While looking for the heat of human intelligence he identified the brain as the center of intelligence and that the soul was immortal. Alcmaeon may not have known what ˜field' he was studying but he did being forth the beginning of anatomy. It wasn't until the 19th century that major strides began happening in the biological world. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was born in the Delft, Netherlands in October of 1632 into a family of tradesmen. Having no university degrees and knowing only his native Dutch he would unlikely become a scientist. By trade Leeuwenhoek was fabric merchant. Somewhere along the way he had learned to grind lenses creating simple microscopes and started looking at the world around him with them. Seemingly inspired by Robert Hooke's Micrographia, which was popular during that time. Even though he is at times credited with inventing the microscope he did not. They were invented nearly 45 years before he was born. His knack of grinding lenses allowed him to build simple microscopes that could magnify over 200 times. In 1673, Leeuwenhoek started writing letters to the Royal Society of London explaining what he was finding with his microscopes. His letters where translated from Dutch to English or Latin and were published in the Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society. Using only his simple microscopes he found single cell microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, and giving us the very first depiction of red blood cells. Leeuwenhoek is credited with being the ˜father of microbiology'. His work gave the scientific community a greater understanding of what microorganisms looked like. In knowing of these small living forms it lead to other breakthroughs in science in the later discoveries in what microorganisms do. During Leeuwenhoek's time the art of biology was still a relatively young form. The field itself was beginning to take form for future generations of scientists. His detailed accounts of what he saw gave way to things science had not seen before. The detail in is work gave a better understanding of the smaller creatures around us. Charles Darwin is one of the most recognized scientist in the biological community over any other. Born is Shrewsbury, England in 1809 was the son of a society doctor. As well as a long list of scientists. At 16 is father sent him to Edinburgh University to study medicine, but he dove into the sciences. Darwin had no desire to study medicine and instead seemed a naturalist, his father seeing this chose to move him to Christ's College in Cambridge in 1828. Darwin graduated in 1831 with a bachelor of arts. While attending Christ's College, John Stevens Hensl