The first microscopes were light microscopes. They allow the viewer the ability to see the specimens in color. Another major benefit when using these scopes is the option to view your specimen while it is alive. Unfortunately, the magnification with the light microscope is limited to “about the size of the smallest bacterium” which is about 0.2 of a micrometer (pg 52). With the invention of the electron microscope, the viewer is given the opportunity to see his/her specimen with a much greater resolution. The difference is staggering with an “a hundredfold improvement over the light microscope” which comes out to 2 nanometers (pg 52). Now the cellular ultrastructure is exposed for biologists to explore and study. Though, to study specimens with the electron microscope, the specimens must be dead and are limited to black and white when viewing rather than color with the “LM.” The scanning electron microscope offers biologists three-dimensional images of the detailed architecture of a cell or a group of cells surfaces. The clarity of the images produced by the SEM microscope are noted to be incredible. In order to study specimens with the SEM, they must be “coated with a thin film of metal” (pg 53). Likewise to the electron microscope, the specimens must also be non-living and can only be viewed in black and white. Prokaryotic cells are generally bacteria and archaea. It takes an electron microscope to see this type of cell in a clear fashion. Prokaryotic cells can range from 1 to 10 micrometres (µm) in length; which is about 1/10th of the size of the typical eukaryotic cell. Structure-wise, a region called the nucleoid houses the coiled prokaryotic cells’ DNA. Capsules in some Prokaryotic cells “help Prokaryotes glue to surfaces such as sticks and rocks” in places such as rapid streams (pg 55). Surface projections are another bonus to some prokaryotes as for they can project short distances (pili) while the flagel