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Singapore - Marriage and Population

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Singapore’s low birth rate intrigues many Sociologist and Psychologist. Although they go hand in hand, on core, their approaches differs vastly. Psychologist emphasize on individual mental processes such as perceptions and belief of those labelled “DINKS” (double income, no kids). While Sociologists emphasize on individual socialized roles and culture norms brought about by government policies. The ruling government tried to mitigate the fall of birth rate with pro-family policies aimed to promote marriage and procreation. The Marriage and Parenthood Package provide many incentives that cover housing and study grants, tax relief as well as measures to enhance work-life balance for working parents. However these policies are only attractive to people who are already married and planning to grow families. A sociologist may be interested in studying the behaviours of different group in relation to the package. The first group which consist of those who are already committed to having children. Incentives from the package are important factors that serve to encourage them to get children. While the second group labelled “DINKS”, the most significant factors that deter them from having children are the cost of child rearing and opportunity cost from taking a step back in their careers. Unlike the first group which can be motivated by the package to start bearing children, it does not however serve as a motivation for the second group to settle down and start a family, career aspirations are more important than marriage and family formation. Career achievements take priority over marriage. The pro family policy that are rich in incentives failed to entice individuals to settle down and start a family, especially for women. When women delay career building to bear children, their income tend to suffer deficits relative to what they could have earned had they not had children. Taniguchi (1999) reported that early child bearers are likely to experience a higher wage penalty, possibly due to their career interruptions that occur during the critical period of career building. In addition, women who delay childbearing are more likely to remain in the labour force throughout their working lives (Pienta 1999). The cost of raising a child in modern societies has skyrocketed. An example would be education, which is perceived to be a vital component of a prosperous life. Higher standard are expected of parents to provide for a child: a safe home, good health care, healthy food and parental attention. In reaction are stress for individuals to provide both financially and physically, parents have to support the child’s education as well as support the household. Psychologists may study on how does the stress in both fin

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