Science and technology have developed greatly over the many years of Western Civilization. Whether it’s the upgrade from horse and buggy to automobiles, or candles being replaced by electricity, technology has taken some long strides. This paper will explain the prehistoric times and the use of stone tools, and the copper and bronze tools used in Mesopotamia. Egypt used some amazing technology and tools to construct the Pyramids of Giza and the tombs inside of them. Ancient Rome had the most advanced technology of its time, and used it beautifully. As said in the Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece & Rome, “technology is the application of practical and theoretical knowledge or skills, often through mechanical devices designed to manipulate the environment and solve problems and bolster human existence” [Mic10]. Stone tools have been used since the beginning of time, and some are still being used today. They were used mainly in the Stone Age, which was a period of time when tools were used that were made out of stone with a sharp edge used for cutting. The majority of ancient stone tools were sharp because it would help the civilizations kill animals for food, and would cut many things that would help them build. They used other stones, called choppers, to break off large flakes of stone by hitting rocks repeatedly with them. The continuous chopping of flakes of rock would insure the sharpest piece used for tools. Between 400,000 and 200,000 years ago, the production of stone tools started to improve. Hand-axes were beginning to be made perfectly around this time, making the perfect tool for killing animals or cutting down plants[Bri13]. During the Middle Stone Age, points were used on the end of sticks to make deadly spears. Eventually darts and smaller type spears were made once they had smaller points for use. Later in the Stone Age, Homo sapiens started to experiment with other materials such as bone and ivory. The use of more materials started the early development in technology from the Stone Age and beyond. The Mesopotamian civilization primarily used copper and bronze to produce their tools. They made axes, hammers, daggers and chains out of copper because it was one of the cheapest materials of the time. By 3000 B.C. the Sumerians began to use bronze for most of their