Over the course of history, social planning has been an inevitable and very important part of each generation. As Shapiro goes on to explain, “Planning is an excellent, often indispensable method for guiding, coordinating, and monitoring behaviour in social meetings” (154). Making plans is a necessary step in reducing and preventing conflict within communities. In our society, legal rules are generalized plans, which are issued by people who are authorized to plan for others (155). Laws are the driving force in directing people’s behavior among a community, in which provides a set of guidelines on how to act, and how not to act. However, this doesn’t mean that certain parties don’t disagree with the laws put in place by the authorized politicians and respective governments. In this essay, utilizing Shapiro’s beliefs I will explain how a piece of legislation will help reduce planning costs among disputing parties. As well, I will examine the New York Times article and explain how new legislation in which promotes a balance between the disputing parties involved will help start the process of resolving the ongoing dilemma surrounding gray wolves. In the modern day, there are many different legal systems in which vary from country to country. Societies across the world differ from one another in many different ways; one being the way that a given society makes plans on how to organize shared activities, solve coordination problems, settle disputes, and make sure individual pursuits do not thwart one another (156). The one common aspect that every society shares however, is the fact that no society is in perfect harmony with how they are run. There will always be many doubts and disagreements that a country or community of people will have with how things are run. However, as Shapiro explains, “To settle the doubts and disagreements of its members in a cost-effective manner, or even at all, requires sophisticated techniques