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From Heaven to Hell

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To many individuals, it seems illogical to believe that God created the Universe in six days. However, even today, many people find consolation in religion and it is religion that unites society and brings people solace during hard times. Even though religion is society’s way to stay united and worship a mutual cause, it is often distorted and causes people to believe in fiction, rather than in real facts. The definition of the word “religion” according to the online Encyclopædia Britannica is the following: “human beings’ relation to that which they regard as holy, sacred, absolute, spiritual, divine, or worthy of especial reverence” (Encyclopedia Britannica Online). According to a research made by WIN-Gallup International in 2012, an average of 59% of the world’s population consider themselves “religious”, 23% claim to be “non-religious” and 13% describes themselves as “atheists”. The research was made by interviewing over 50 000 people from 57 countries from all over the globe (WIN-Gallup International 2). There are many examples in the American literature that argue that religion is fiction. For instance, Wallace Stevens’ poem “A High-Toned Old Christian Woman” was published in Stevens’ Harmonium in 1923 and along with “Sunday Morning” it is considered one of his most disparaging poems about Christianity. The poem is written in a rather disrespectful manner and is often referred to as one of Stevens’ “anti-mythological poems” (Lensing 43). Likewise, another good example of a literature piece that ridicules Christianity is Mark Twain’s “Letters from the Earth”. This work, along with other “ironically pessimistic” pieces, was published posthumously in 1962, more than twenty years after Twain’s second literary executor Bernard De Voto had combined them in a single anthology. During that time Twain’s daughter, Clara was refusing to publish the anthology (Encyclopædia Britannica Online). Both “A High-Toned Old Christian Woman” and “Letters from the Earth” ridicule Christian morality and claim that religion, and Christianity in particular, is fiction. Stevens’ poem represents a contrast between the Christian woman’s “moral law” and the speaker’s “opposing law”. He compares the two laws to a nave of a church and to a peristyle respectively. The author establishes a parallel of images which is accompanied by irony and word-play (Lensing 44). Stevens describes God as a “supreme being” which implies the author’s hope that religion is replaced by fiction (Brazeal 91). “Letters from the Earth” is a compilation of eleven letters that Satan writes to the archangels Gabriel and Michael while exiled on Earth. In his letters Satan is criticizing humans and their beliefs in a sarcastic way and accuses them of creating a fake image of the Creator. The work follows Satan’s reasoning about Christianity, religion and humans’ values. Twain’s work uses sarcasm in order to ridicule religious people and mock them for believing in the irrational things that they have created themselves. According to Twain, Christian religion and the Bible are inconsistent and the teachings that Christianity proclaims are lacking logic and orig

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