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History of Liturgical Drama

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Liturgical drama was a very big deal back in the Late Middle Ages. Its popularity grew within the churches of England, Germany, Spain and even the Netherlands. This idea sprouted in the late 10th century and stuck around for quite some time and quickly flourished during the 12th and 13th centuries (Encyclopedia Britannica). Liturgical dramas have been used to describe religious dialogues, ceremonies and certain plays in Latin. Although a lot of the Liturgical drama that was later written after this concept was conceived actually did not have that much liturgy within them (Stevens). When these Liturgical dramas first began, they were very short staged performances that consisted on a little singing and mostly dialogue that went a long with a little background music. Most of these dramas happened before a Mass, during liturgical processions and certain holidays as well (Petersen). These consisted of very religious plays and short skits that all had to do with things within the bible. Liturgical drama was one of the first of many types of plays and it served a crucial role in the church and people’s daily lives. These dramatic-and-theatrical genres of the Middle Ages consisted of things along the lines of mystery, morality plays, entertainment, and absurdity (Wolanski 1). Not only was this one of the first forms of theatrical drama, it also shaped things that later formed down the road like opera and productions like plays and dramas. When this idea first came about, it mainly consisted of things that pertained to scripture in the Old and New Testament. This event usually happened inside or near the church and depicted a lot of things about the saints in the Bible. These plays mostly consisted of Daniel in the lion’s den, saints like the Virgin Mary and St. Nicholas (Encyclopedia Britannica). A very popular Bible story that was dramatized was the story of when Mary visited Christ’s tomb to discover his resurrection. On the other hand, Jesus’ crucifixion was never really turned into a play because they never wanted to see this acted out (European Theatre and Drama). Although these plays were not a part of the church service, it greatly gained popularity because it was a form of entertainment for people to relate to because it consisted of short songs from the bible for them to sing along to (Encyclopedia Britannica). The people who generally played the characters in these plays were the priests, clerics, monks and students under the church that held these liturgical dramas (Wolanski 1). They also held special plays for certain holidays like on Easter and the development of dramas for Christmas were greatly influenced by these ideas of liturgical dramas. As liturgical drama began to grow during the 12th century, many different variations began to take over in different areas of the world at this time. Churches began to not regulate these plays as much once they started to focus on different problems at hand within the church. The people who constructed the plays started using structures called “mansions” that were used for the background for the play. Smaller plays consisted of only one mansion, and longer plays consisted of two or maybe even three different mansions (European Theatre and Drama). Another concept of the play that started to change was the costumes. These costumes consisted of just regular church clothing and sometimes symbolic accessories would be added to

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