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The Rise and Fall of King Richard

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William Shakespeare’s classic play "Richard III," tells the story of the rise and fall of the English king. Throughout the Shakespeare’s play, the story is riddled with numerous amounts of ironic moments, both in verbal irony, dramatic irony, and situational irony. According to Perrine’s Literature: Structure Sound and Sense the definition of verbal irony is “saying the opposite of one means”. In Richard III, we see this quite often, especially when it comes to King Richard himself. One example of verbal irony is in Act III when Richard says “God keep you from them and from such false friends.” This of course is verbal irony because we know that Richard means no such thing, and he is in fact a false friend to Prince Edward. Another example of Richard’s verbal irony is he is talking to York saying “A greater gift than that I’ll give my cousin” because it is an ambiguous statement is still considered a softer more subtle verbal irony. An additional example of verbal irony in Richard III is when York manner refers to Richard as a “kind uncle” or a “gentle uncle”, we as the reader know this is not true and know Richard as a brutal evil villain. William’s Shakespeare’s Richard III not only has verbal irony but is full of dramatic irony. According to Perrine’s Literature: Structure Sound and Sense the definition of dramatic irony is “the discrepancy is not between what the speaker says and what the speaker means but between what the speaker says and what the story means.” In Richard III we see dramatic irony take place when Margaret’s curses the royal family in Act I. Throughout the play we see her curses comes true, we see Elizabeth outlive her husband, we see the York and Woodsville’s fall fate to similar circumstances as Margaret’s family. Finally we see Margaret’s curse on Richard III come true, as he is killed in the end of the play. Another example of dramatic irony in Richard III is w

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