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Hypocrisy in Heart of Darkness

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In the novella "Heart of Darkness" by Joseph Conrad, we are able to see European Imperialism to its utmost extent. First published in 1902, this magnificent novella is the evidence of the hypocrisy of Belgium imperialism. Though, Conrad’s narration is a bit ambiguous but we are able to observe the brutal outcome of imperialism. On this note, Edmund Dene Morel (founder of the Congo Reform) called Conrad’s novella, “The most powerful thing ever written on the subject”. In the novella, we see Marlow exploring the center of the Congo region during 19th century Africa, when the Belgium Empire was colonizing there. In this issue, Edward Said stated in his “Two Visions in Heart of Darkness” Culture and Imperialism (1993)” that, “This imperial attitude is, I believe, beautifully captured in the complicated and rich narrative form of Conrad’s great novella Heart of Darkness, written between 1898 and 1899” (Said 1). We are clearly able to see that that, in the name of civilizing the “savage” people, exploitation and oppression were going on. In the course of civilization, the European imperialists were abandoning their civilize morality and becoming “savage” themselves, which is represented through “Kurtz”. The purpose of this paper is to trace the hypocrisy of the Belgian imperials and how in the name of “civilization,” they became savages themselves. This paper will try to accomplish this, through selected criticism of journals and articles and focusing upon the novella itself Heart of Darkness which embodies many examples of the hypocrisy or the imperialists through their atrocities upon the innocent people of the Congo. Full fledged imperialism occurred in Congo when in 1878 king Leopold II1 started to colonize the “Congo Free State”. He took the help of explorer Henry Stanley to explore and colonize this region. In the year 1892, Leopold II declared that all the recourses available are his own property. After this declaration Belgian traders went further deeper inside to explore new sources of Ivory. In order to do that, they built stations alongside of the Congo River. The Belgian traders brutally tortured the Congo natives of this region by chopping off their heads and hands. This novella is inspired by Conrad’s journey to the Congo in the years of Belgian colonization2. Throughout the narration of the novella we get to witness the exploration of the Congo region in a Eurocentric perspective. That is why, Edward Said in his “Two visions in Heart of Darkness” Culture and Imperialism (1993)” stated that, “This narrative in turn is connected directly with the redemptive force, as well as the waste and the horror, of Europe’s mission in the dark world” (Said 25). He also added, “Conrad wants us to see how Kurtz’s great looting adventure , Marlow’s journey up the river , and the narrative itself all share a common theme: European performing acts of imperial mastery and will in (or about) Africa” (Said 25). I also agree with Said, throughout the novella and the narration itself, emphasizes on the European Imperialism. Maybe, that is why this novella is a great success3. The novella starts with Marlow’s narration. He starts his narration by saying that he was going to the “darkest place of the world”(Conrad 19 ). It begins on the Thames river outside London where Marlow is telling about his journey into the Congo region which he describes as “one of the darkest places of the earth.”4 (Conrad 19). As we hear him saying, giving the example of Roman imperialism, describing how Europe was colonized we understand the main aspect of this novella is imperialism. We hear Marlow, criticizing the Roman Empire5 for colonizing England by saying, “They grabbed what they could get for the sake of what was to be got. It was just robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at it blind” (Conrad 21). It is a surprising matter, to see Marlow criticizing the Roman Empire for their violence, but the Belgian Empire caused more brutality than the Romans. Being a part of the Belgian empire himself, Marlow does not criticize them. Author Jonah Raskin said in his journal “Heart of Darkness: The manuscript revisions” that, perhaps Marlow wanted us to emphasize on the mistakes that the Roman Empire made , the similarity of the Roman and modern empire on the colonized view . On this note, Raskin explains. Marlow wants us to interpret the lessons of the Roman Empire and apply them to his society, and his analogy between the Roman and modern empires is designed to make the reader see colonialism from the perspective of the colonized, not the colonizing. Thus, he asks readers to imagine a philanthropic association for the development of Brita

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