In “Freedom from Speech”, Greg Lukianoff examines “Free speech as a cultural value” and lays out the ways that speech is being limited in America. He begins by listing a number of high profile cases where people had their reputations tarnished and even their livelihoods threatened because of things they said, sometimes in private. As one would expect from the president of an organization that works specifically in higher education, much of the book focuses on campus censorship, however he also notes that the erosion of free speech is greater than higher education. By losing the freedom to reason with each other over difficult issues, we are becoming, in fact, less than human. Lukianoff sees the disturbing cause as the “drive for comfort”. The modern age has led to the creation of tremendous wealth and comfort. This can give rise to complacency: “A society in which people can avoid physical pain easily will produce people who are less prepared to deal with it.” The same principles apply to mental comfort. “The same instinct is driving our rising desire for intellectual comfort, by which I mean a yearning to live in a relatively harmonious environment that does not present any thorny intellectual challenges and in which disagreement is downplayed or avoided altogether”. The result of this overwhelming drive for comfort is devastating for speech: “Eventually, they stop demanding freedom of speech and start demanding freedom from speech.” Although the author tries not to blame either the right or the left for the decline in free speech, he does note that the political left has more of a basic tendency to assault free speech. He goes on to quote the work of NYU business professor Jonathan Haidt, who concludes that political conservatives have multiple sources for moral norms-traditions, sacredness, loyalty-while American liberals are "largely one-dimensional, driven primarily by the care ethic,” in Lukianoff’s words. He emphasizes that this care ethic protects bad ideas in the intellectual marketplace. He believes you should let all ideas grow-and let the strongest survive. The trouble is, a completely laissez-faire marketplace of ideas would be like a game of Monopoly: a lot of noise, followed by increasing domination of the board by the few loudest voices. “Absolute free speech is only useful if all you want is noise,�