Amy Heckerling’s post-modern film, "Clueless," appropriates the timeless ideas and values presented in Jane Austen’s ‘Emma’, appealing to contemporary audiences. Through the appropriation, Heckerling juxtaposes the societies, drawing attention to the differences and at the same time, criticising her own society. Heckerling successfully transforms the universal values of marriage, social hierarchy and gender roles, modifying them to suit a modern audience. Heckerling adapts the nineteenth century contextual setting of, "Emma," to appeal to contemporary audiences. Jane Austen’s novel ‘Emma’ is set in the village of Highbury, reflecting the slow-paced lifestyle of her time. The importance of status and wealth during the era is established through the description of Emma as, “handsome, clever and rich.” "Clueless," however, underscores the importance of consumerism and materialism, depicted through the opening montage. The fast camera movements and the soundtrack ‘Kids in America’ further emphasise the fast paced consumerist lifestyle of the 20th century. Through the contextual transformation of ‘Emma’, Heckerling exemplifies the similarities between the two eras: the fundamental values do not change, regardless of the change in context. Marriage and relationships in Austen’s time has been altered to cater for modern perspectives on love. In, "Emma," marriage was predominantly based on social and financial status. This is explored through Mr Elton’s desire to “only aggrandise himself” by either taking Emma or, if not, “try for Miss Somebody Else.” Furthermore, it was considered unacceptable for a couple to marry outside of their social classes. Emma’s opposition to Harriet’s interest in Mr Knightley is spurred on by her belief that it would be unlikely for, “a man of first-rate abilities to be captivated by very inferior powers.” In addition, she believes that their relationship would be an, “elevation on her [Harriet’s] side,” and a, “debasement on his [Knightley’s].” This outlines the vast differences in social class between the pair and at the same time the rigidity of marriage between equal social classes. Contrastingly, Heckerling modifies the concept of marriage to focus on idealistic romances of the 20th century, including notions of sexual freedom. Heckerling replaces marriage in, "Emma," with casual romances and monogamous relationships; depicted through Cher’s voi