Introduction One of the major interest of sociolinguists is to assess the current status of endangered minority languages. The majority of ethnic minority groups considers their ethnic language as a marker that identifies their ethnicity. The language has a specific role in constructing social identity and it is considered by a large number of ethnic groups as the most effective medium for maintaining and conveying traditions (Liebkind,1999, p.149) . Many studies and researches examined the indigenous languages in many areas around the globe. They explored the attitudes toward using the minority languages such as the Syriac language in the diaspora (Odisho, 1999 and Marfleet, 2007). Aramaic as a spoken and written form exists only in the Middle East. In Russia, Australia, Europe, The United States and South America, Aramaic is disappearing. The indigenous Christian of Iraq known as the Chaldo Assyrians are the largest community of Aramaic users. Aramaic vitality is not secure as it faces turmoils and life-threatening political disturbances in Iraq. Assyrian is the oldest language of the Semitic family. It is a dialect of the ancient Aramaic language. Assyrian is one of the ‘definitely endangered languages’ of the world according to UNESCO. Fishman (1989) states in his study that when languages are in contact, either the powerful language replaces the other language or the two languages are used and spoken in a diglossic manner within the same community and Assyrian has been in contact with other languages for many centures; therefore as an attempt to study this ancient language, this paper will explore briefly the background and locality of the Assyrian language; investigate the power relationship among Assyrian, Arabic and Kurdish (the contact language); exam in the policies and efforts that are in place to support the Assyrian language either by the Iraqi government or by the Assyrians communities; assess the effectiveness of these policies by determining the vitality prospects for this community and extract some suggestions on how to prompt the use of this language. My study, will begin by giving a brief demonstration on the history of the oldest indigenous populations of modern-day Iraq. Who are part of this indigenous population? Assyrians are one of the indigenous people of Iraq (AINA, 2013); they are the semitic race of the ancient Aramaic-speaking people of northern Mesopotamia. They are the first population to adopt and found Christianity in the first century A.D in this area (AINA, 2013); the first Assyrian church was established in 33 A.D. Assyrians are currently located in northern Iraq, northern Iran, south-eastern Turkey, southern Syria and Armenia. They are distinct from Arabs and Jews. Assyrian history is divided into six era: Emergence age (Beginnings to 2400 B.C), First Golden Age (2400 B.C. to 612 B.C), First Dark Age (612 B.C. to 33 A.D), Second Golden Age (33 A.D. to 1300 A.D), Second Dark Age (1300 A.D. to 1918 A.D), and Diaspora (1918 A.D. to the present). The Assyrians were subject to opression and execution from the Romans at first, then the Persians, and lately from the Kurds, Turks and Arabs. Due to this, the population of the Assyrian has decreased from more than 20 millions to less than two millions nowadays (AINA, 2013). Yildz (1999) points out that the survival of the Assyrian ethnic identity from many conquests is due to their religion and church that played a role in preserving their language, culture and traditions. In the Diaspora era, Assyrians have been subject to a huge genocide, they have lost their dominancy of their homeland and are fighting for their existance. For more than 6600 years Assyrians have existed in their native homeland, but today only two-thirds of the Assyrian population lives in its ancestral lands, but faced with many insecurities (AINA, 2013). The linguistic backgorund of the Assyrians: "The Assyrian language is the written variety of the Aramaic dialects, which was the language of the Eastern area (Kiraz, 2012). Assyrian language has been the language of Christian churches in the Fertile Crescent area as Christian Assyrians in the first century of Christianity used the Assyrian dialect to distinct themselves from the non-Christian Aramaic speakers" (Sadeq & Younes, 2008). Assyrian language was the literary language of Aramaic speakers before and after Christianity. At first, it appeared in the area of Edessa and lat