Historically, China was with a large population, and its population has increased rapidly after 1950s. In order to control the rapid increasing of population, the Chinese government introduced the one-child policy in 1978. The one-child policy was enforced by the government, and it required the couples can only have one child. The Chinese government had rewards for the couples who only have one child; however, it had punishments for the couples who violates the one-child policy. For example, the couples will receive fines from the government and might lose their jobs. Considering this compulsory family planning, my research question is: how did the population policy impact the structure of society in modern China? In my argument, the population policy release the pressure of government and control the increasing population. Also the population policy promotes the economy, education, and city constructions. However, the population policy cause a series of problems such as unbalance of sex ration, ethical issues and social problems. *The one-child policy caused many ethical issues, such as forced sterilization, compulsory IUD acceptance, forced IUD retention, and forced abortion. There is a serious fault of the one-child policy is the government’s arbitrary and intentional designation of two classes of children born in the 1970’s and thereafter. The privileged class consists of children in one-child ?families; the low class consists of all children who have siblings, with the worst discrimination reserved for the higher parity children. “The Chinese government gave all the benefits to the only child: free medical care, immunizations, priority in schooling, free schooling, extra food, extra clothing, first in line for everything” (Banister 219). Children with siblings would be rejected by Chinese government to provide free medical care, some of them denied even the right to receive medical care. Children with siblings, through no fault of their own, are made to feel unworthy. They would be treated unfairly, and tend toward antisocial activities in the future. Even though the one-child policy is a great plan to control the population, and help China to develop its economy, the government should pay more attention to children’s education and health. It is important that children enable to grow up intellectually and physically healthy, which is also essential to the future and the fate of the country. The one-child policy impacted the age and sex structures of the population in modern China. The one-child policy has been leading to the gradual shrinkage of the base of China’s population pyramid. “China’s total fertility rate in the 1990s has been very low, about 2 children per woman, which is below the replacement level” (Guo 66). Therefore, the problem of aging is emerging. Since the one-child policy lowers the birth rate, China will enter an unprecedented stage of aging in the future. After that, the Chinese government will encounter many social troubles, for example, the government has to pay much money to afford the elder people, and the factory will face the problem of lacking laborers. While most of the urban population benefit from a pension system, most of the rural population have to resort to the traditional method of obtaining support and security during old age, looking to the family, especially a son. “The Chinese government must plan a way to transfer successfully from the current ‘pay-as-you-go’ ?and family support system to a sound modern system of pensions plus savi