Hindsight bias is one of the first concepts we covered, it is in module two. Hindsight bias is the tendency to think an outcome was obvious when looking back at all of the information, even if before you were unsure. On example of this is on page 7, “The others listened without interest and nodded, unconvinced.” The other patients may have later felt that it was obvious when they found out Corte did not go back to the seventh floor, though they knew little of his condition other than what he said, this could be an example of hindsight bias. Self-concept and self-schema are both concepts discussed in module three. Self-concept is what we believe and know about ourselves and self-schema are how we organize what we believe about ourselves and help the processing of self-relevant information. An example of this is on page 2, “Although he was an extremely slight case, in the very earliest stages, Giovanni Corte had been advised to go to the well-known sanatorium.” Corte knows he is sick, but believes he is a very mild case, if that, this is his self-concept of himself. He will use this concept later on when his sickness is referred to and use self-schema to seek relevant information. Another concept discussed in module three is individualism. Individualism is the tendency to set one's goals before a groups and define one's self according to personal attributes rather than by the group. An example of this can be found on page 15, “But he did insist, despite nurses' banter, that the label on the door of his new room should read Giovanni Corte, third floor, temporary.” Giovanni does not want to be considered in the same group as the patients on the second floor, he is different from them he is healthier and belongs elsewhere. This shows individualism because Corte is looking for was to separate himself from the other patients, they are all sick but he is not as sick so does not really belong to this group, he is different. Collectivism, which is discussed in module three, is the opposite of individualism. Collectivism is putting groups goals before your own and identifying as a part of that group not as an individual. An example of this can be found on page seven, “One thing Giovanni Corte did realize, however, was that he would certainly have some difficulty getting back up to the floor where, medically speaking, he really belonged.” Giovanni identifies with the people on the seventh floor, he never shows this towards any other floors, this is collectivism, he sees himself as a part of that group of people, those classified as hardly sick and does not like being separated from that. The final concept discussed in module three is planning fallacy. Planning fallacy is the tendency to underestimate the length of time it will take to complete a given task. An example of this can be found on page 11, “A patient who, basically, should have been on the seventh floor was in fact on the fourth. As soon as his eczema was better, he would be going up again.” Giovanni thinks that once his eczema is gone he'll go right back where he wants to be, the seventh floor, this is not true though. In fact he never moves up to a higher floor, only down. Thus shows planning fallacy, he believes it will be quick and easily handled then he will be gone, but he is very wrong. A concept from module four is false-uniqueness. False-uniqueness is when people think their habits, traits, opinions, really anything about themselves is less common than it really is. An example of this can be found on page 10, “He, on the other hand, could