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Background of Indigenous Australia

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According to Creative Spirits, they indicate that Indigenous Australian first emerged 400,000 years ago from two distinct lineages, far earlier than any other racial group. Another experiment by analysing pollen and charcoal gives evidence that Australian Aborigines were first using fire to reshape the landscape of the area around Lake George in Northern-East of Canberra about 120,000 years ago (Jens Korff 2015). However, there is still confusion surrounding exact period of “First People” inhabited Australia. Most of the reliable sources believe that the general age of initial human was over 40,000 years ago. The archaeologists found a clear evidence that Indigenous people have been living in Lake Mungo-South Eastern Australia. (Jens Korff 2015) Indigenous Australians was possibly the earliest humans to develop farming practices. They also concentrated their efforts on what the local environment provided, preparing produce, such as fishes and fruits for trade with other tribes. Aboriginals adapted to some of the world's harshest environments with great success and had a very sustainable way of life.( Munroe, n.d). There were more than 500 distinctive family groups around the mainland, different societies, convictions and dialects.( Australia Government 2015) For last 600 years, the outside world began to reach some Aboriginal groups. Individuals from what is presently Indonesia created exchange relations with Aboriginal of the North Australia. Later when Europeans arrived, some of it was an advantage for Aboriginal people groups including imparting innovations. Different parts of this early contact had an adverse effect, namely the introduction of disease. (Reconciliation Australia n,d) In 1788, New South Wales was settled as a penal colony where Captain Phillip first raised the flag for colonisation. Australia was a place where the British sent their convicts because it was overcrowded in Britain. As a result, disease struck a fatal and extensive effect to the Aboriginal people, who until that point had separated for thousands of years from infection. They had no resistance to the deadly viruses carried by the convicts such as smallpox, syphilis and influenza. Over half of the Aboriginal population living in the Sydney Basin died from smallpox in less than a year. (Australian Museum 2015) Later on, the war between two sides began, now referred to as the “Black War” as a result of colonisation. However, the British House of Commons created a committee about ‘plain right and sacred right’ to Aboriginal’s land in 1836-1837. (Jens Korff 2015) From the 1910-1970, the Australian Government determined that non-Indigenous ancestry’s children should be removed from Aboriginal families and integrated with the white people. This period is now known as “The Stolen Generation”. The government a

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