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Sports Motivation in Coaching

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Why do people get involved in sport? This is a question that has been proposed by many scientists, psychologists and professors throughout the entire world. It is the general consensus universally that people will inevitably get involved in sport at some stage in their lives. But what is the main attraction that initially gets people to start participating? Why all of a sudden do people decide that they want to get involved? Well, in my own opinion, I feel that there is only one answer to all these questions. No matter what somebody’s background is or what interests they have socially, everybody can be broken down to the same basic elements. After all, we are all human beings. Whether you have been placed into sport by your parents at an early age, or you have decided that it was time to get up and find another past time that would help you make new friends, everybody has their own personal, yet common reason for getting into sport. It is for this reason that I feel that main explanation for people getting involved in sport is because they are motivated. Whether it is motivated to lose weight, motivated to make new friends, or motivated to make sure your child gets the right start in life and falls into the right groups; everybody has a different agenda, yet these agendas all fall under one heading; Motivation. Motivation can be split up into three different strands. As stated by Deci and Ryan (1985, 1992), there are different types of motivation that fluctuate along a “self-Determined continuum” (Fig. 1). These types are amotivation; intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. When an athlete is intrinsically motivated, they take part in the sport for the pure enjoyment they get out of participating in the sport. A famous quote from Ben Hogan, a former professional golfer, sums up intrinsic motivation perfectly. “I don’t like the glamour. I just like the game” It highlights the enjoyment that he obtains from the game, and is not concerned about the rewards or benefits that come with it. Extrinsic motivation, in contrast, is solely based on the external factors of involved in sport. If an athlete participates in a sport simply because the individual depends on the rewards, which are usually social glory, then they are more extrinsically motivated. The third strand of motivation is that of an athlete being amotivated. This implies that the individual is neither intrinsically or extrinsically motivated. These people are the least self-determined and tend “towards a portrayal of autonomous motivational regulations” (Vallerand,2001). They feel that they have no reason to be involved in the sport, are unsure why they are involved and are referred to being similar to “learned helpless athletes” (Dweck,1999). Although there is very little evidence or research into the percentages, it can be anecdotally, universally accepted that there is a very few number of people who are totally intrinsically motivated. The majority of people would need some sort of external factor to increase their motivation. This is where the element of coaching becomes involved. A good relationship between a coach and an athlete and increase the individuals motivation, both intrinsically and extrinsically. It is essential for an athlete to reach their ultimate potential. For an athlete to be successful, it is v

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